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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="fr" lang="fr"> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rev="made" href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/graphics/gnu-head-mini.png" /> <link rev="translated" href="mailto:trad-gnu@april.org" /> <meta name="ICBM" content="42.256233,-71.006581" /> <meta name="DC.title" content="gnu.org" />  <title>Le systÃ¨me d'exploitation GNU</title> <meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" /> <meta http-equiv="Description" content="Depuis 1983, développement du système d'exploitation libre de style Unix, GNU, pour que les utilisateurs d'ordinateurs puissent avoir la liberté de partager et d'améliorer les logiciels qu'ils utilisent." /> <link rel="alternate" title="Quoi de neuf ?" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" /> <link rel="alternate" title="Nouveaux logiciels libres" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />   <style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('/style.css'); </style> <style type="text/css" media="handheld"> @import url('/mini.css'); </style>  <style type="text/css" media="print"> @import url('/print.css'); </style> <meta name="viewport" content="width=320; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=1.0; user-scalable=0;" />  </head> <body> <div id="toplinks"><span class="netscape4"><a href="#content">Skip to content</a> | <a href="#navigation">Skip to navigation</a> | <a href="#searcher">Skip to search</a>| </span><a href="#translations">Translations of this page</a> | <a href="/accessibility/">Accessibility</a></div> <div id="null-wrapper"> <div id="header"> <div class="inner" style="position: relative;"> <h1 id="logo"><a href="/">Le système d'exploitation GNU</a></h1> <div style="position: absolute; top: -20px; right: 0; width: 344px;"><a href="http://patentabsurdity.com/watch.html" title="Watch Patent Absurdity"><img src="http://static.fsf.org/nosvn/pa-gnu.jpg" alt="" /></a> </div>  </div> </div> <div id="navigation"> <div class="inner"> <ul> <li id="tabPhilosophy"><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html">Philosophie</a></li> <li id="tabLicenses"><a href="/licenses/licenses.fr.html">Licences</a></li> <li id="tabSoftware"><a href="/software/software.fr.html">TÃ©lÃ©chargements</a></li> <li id="tabDoc"><a href="/doc/doc.html">Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/help/help.fr.html">Aidez GNU</a></li> <li id="joinfsftab"><a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom?referrer=4052">Rejoignez la FSF !</a></li> </ul> <div id="searcher"> <form method="get" action="http://www.gnu.org/cgi-bin/estseek.cgi"> <div><label class="netscape4" for="phrase">Recherche :</label> <input name="phrase" id="phrase" type="text" size="18" accesskey="s" value="Pourquoi GNU/Linux ?" /> <input type="submit" value="Rechercher" /></div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="inner">  <p class="netscape4">Richard Stallman a annoncÃ© en septembre 1983 le projet de dÃ©velopper un systÃ¨me d'exploitation libre de type Unix appelÃ© GNU. GNU est le seul systÃ¨me d'exploitation dÃ©veloppÃ© spÃ©cifiquement pour la libertÃ© des utilisateurs.</p> <div id="takeactionhomepage"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.fsf.org/tasks/noscript">Can you help us modify NoScript so it can detect and block nontrivial nonfree JavaScript code?</a></li> <li><a href="http://yourfreedom.hmg.gov.uk/repealing-unnecessary-laws/digital-economy-act">UK citizens: help repeal the Digital Economy Act</a></li> <li><a href="http://aful.org/communiques/mon-univ-offre-windows">Appel mondial aux Ã©tudiants : remboursement et concurrence sur les systÃ¨mes d'exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.openrightsgroup.org/orgwiki/index.php/Net_Neutrality">Soutenez les efforts pour la neutralitÃ© du Net en Europe</a>, <a href="http://www.savetheinternet.com" title="NeutralitÃ© du Net aux Ã�tats-Unis d'AmÃ©rique">aux USA</a> et <a href="http://www.neutrality.ca" title="NeutralitÃ© du Net au Canada">au Canada</a>.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="yui-g"> <div class="yui-u first"> <h2>Qu'est-ce que GNU ?</h2> <p>GNU was launched in 1984 to develop a complete Unix-like operating system which is <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>— software which respects your freedom.</p> <p class="c"><a href="/distros/screenshot.html"><img src="/graphics/t-desktop-sm.png" alt="Screenshot of GNU" /></a></p> <p>Unix-like operating systems are built from a collection of <a href="/software/libc/">libraries</a>, <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/GNU">applications</a> and <a href="/software/gdb/">developer tools</a> — plus a program to allocate resources and talk to the hardware, known as a kernel.</p> <p><a href="/software/hurd/">Hurd, GNU's kernel</a> is actively developed, but is still some way from being ready for daily use, so GNU is often used with a kernel called Linux.</p>   </div> <div class="yui-u"> <p class="button c large"><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/software.html#HowToGetSoftware">Download GNU now</a></p> <div class="emph-box">    <h4 id="Flashes">Infos GNU</h4>     <p>The June issue of the <cite>Free Software Supporter</cite> is out -- you can <a href="http://lists.fsf.org/archive/html/info-fsf/2010-06/msg00003.html">read it</a> and <a href="http://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter">subscribe</a> to receive future monthly issues by e-mail.</p> <p>GNU urges people working on free software to follow standards and guidelines for universal accessibility on GNU/Linux and other free operating systems with the release of <a href="http://www.gnu.org/accessibility/accessibility.html">the GNU Accessibility Statement</a>.</p> <p>FSF President Richard Stallman explains the dangers of Software as a Service for free software in <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">a new article</a>.</p> <p>Pour d'autres nouvelles, comme pour les éléments utilisés dans cette section infos GNU, consultez <a href="/server/whatsnew.fr.html">Quoi de neuf</a> sur le Projet GNU. </p>  <h4>GNUstep</h4> <p><a href="http://www.gnustep.org/">GNUstep</a> is a fully-functional object-oriented development environment. We need developers to write and port applications to GNUstep so that we can make it a great experience for users.</p> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="yui-g"> <p>The combination of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU and Linux</a> is the <strong>GNU/Linux operating system</strong>, now used by millions and sometimes incorrectly called simply 'Linux'.</p> <p><strong>Did you know?</strong> The name “GNU” is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix!”; — it is pronounced <em>g-noo</em>, as one syllable with no vowel sound between the <em>g</em> and the <em>n</em>.</p> </div> <div class="yui-gc"> <div class="yui-u first"> <h2>Qu'est-ce qu'un logiciel libre ?</h2> <p>Un « <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">logiciel libre</a> » se réfère à la liberté, pas au prix. Pour comprendre le concept, vous devez pensez à « libre » comme dans « liberté d'expression », pas comme dans « bière gratuite ». (NdT : en anglais, le mot « free » veut dire libre, mais aussi gratuit, d'où la confusion possible).</p> <p><strong>Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software.</strong> More precisely, it refers to four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:</p> <ul> <li>La liberté d'exécuter le programme, pour n'importe quel usage (liberté 0).</li> <li>La liberté d'étudier le fonctionnement du programme et de l'adapter à vos besoins (liberté 1). Accéder au code source est une condition pour cela.</li> <li>La liberté de redistribuer des copies pour aider votre prochain (liberté 2).</li> <li>La liberté d'améliorer le programme et de rendre publiques vos améliorations pour que toute la communauté en bénéficie (liberté 3). Accéder au code source est une condition pour cela.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="yui-u">  <h2 id="Action">Agir</h2> <ul> <li><strong>Watch and share this movie:</strong> <a href="http://patentabsurdity.com">Patent Absurdity</a> — made possible by <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate/">FSF associate members</a> like <a href="http://fsf.org/jfb">you</a>.</li>  <li><strong>Rédaction de licence :</strong> <a href="/server/takeaction.fr.html#licenses">Participez</a> à la rédaction de la GFDL et de la GSFDL.</li>  <li><a href="/server/takeaction.fr.html#directory">Ajoutez des logiciels au Répertoire des logiciels libres</a>.</li>  <li><strong>Niveau mondial :</strong> <a href="/server/takeaction.fr.html#wipochange">Appelez au changement du nom et des missions de l'<acronym title="Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle">OMPI</acronym></a>.</li>  <li><strong>Combattez les brevets logicielsEn Europe :</strong> <a href="http://www.endsoftpatents.org">aux USA</a>, <a href="/server/takeaction.fr.html#swpat">en Europe</a>.</li>  <li><strong>Citoyens américains :</strong> <a href="/server/takeaction.fr.html#antidmca">Signez les pétitions contre les brevets logiciels et le <acronym title="Digital Millenium Copyright Act">DMCA</acronym> (NdT : Loi sur le copyright du millénaire numérique)</a>.</li>   </ul> <p><a href="/server/takeaction.fr.html#other">Autres actions</a></p>  </div> </div> <div class="yui-g highlight-para"> <p><strong>Can you contribute to any of these <a href="http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects/">High Priority Projects</a>?</strong> GNU PDF, Gnash, coreboot, free distributions of GNU/Linux, GNU Octave, drivers for network routers and reversable debugging in GDB, as well as free software replacements for Skype, OpenDWG libraries, RARv3 and Oracle Forms.</p> <p id="unmaint"><strong>Can you help take over an <a href="http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">unmaintained GNU package</a>?</strong> <a href="/software/alive/">alive</a>, <a href="/software/dr-geo/">dr-geo</a>, <a href="/software/fontutils/">fontutils</a>, <a href="/software/gift/">gift</a>, <a href="/software/gleem/">gleem</a>, <a href="/software/goldwater/">goldwater</a>, <a href="/software/halifax/">halifax</a>, <a href="/software/pgccfd/">pgccfd</a>, <a href="/software/polyxmass/">polyxmass</a>, <a href="/software/quickthreads/">quickthreads</a>, <a href="/software/sather/">sather</a>, <a href="/software/snakecharmer/">snakecharmer</a> and <a href="/software/vmslib/">vmslib</a> are all looking for maintainers. <a href="http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">More information</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div style="font-size: small;">  <b>Notes du traducteur</b> : <ol><li id="TransNote1">Free Software, Free Society : Logiciels libres, sociÃ©tÃ© libre.</li></ol></div> </div> <div class="inner"> <div class="yui-g" id="fsf-links"> <div class="yui-g first"> <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-1"> <p 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preserve, protect and promote the freedom to use, study, copy, modify, and redistribute computer software, and to defend the rights of Free Software users.</strong></small></p> <p><small><strong>Support GNU and the FSF by <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/">buying manuals and gear</a>, <a href="http://www.fsf.org/join">joining the FSF as an associate member</a> or by <a href="http://donate.fsf.org/">making a donation</a>.</strong></small></p> <p id="backtotop"><a href="#header">Haut de la page</a></p> </div> </div>  <div id="footer">  <p> Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 <a href="http://www.fsf.org">Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc.</p> <p>The <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">FSF</a> also has sister organizations in <a href="http://www.fsfe.org">Europe</a>, <a href="http://www.fsfla.org/">Latin America</a> and <a href="http://fsf.org.in/">India</a>.</p> <p>La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée. </p> <div class="translators-credits">  Traduction : Cédric Corazza.<br />Révision : <a href="mailto:trad-gnu@april.org">trad-gnu@april.org</a></div> <p> DerniÃ¨re mise Ã jour : $Date: 2010/07/16 08:27:20 $  </p> </div>   <div id="translations"> <h4><a href="/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html">Traductions</a> de cette page</h4>   <ul class="translations-list"> <li><a href="/home.ar.html" title="Arabic">العربية</a> [ar]</li> <li><a href="/home.bg.html" title="Bulgarian">български</a> [bg]</li> <li><a href="/home.ca.html" title="Catalan">català</a> [ca]</li> <li><a href="/home.de.html" title="German">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> <li><a href="/home.el.html" title="Greek">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li> <li><a href="/home.html" title="English">English</a> [en]</li> <li><a href="/home.es.html" title="Spanish">español</a> [es]</li> <li><a href="/home.fa.html" title="Farsi/Persian">فارسی</a> [fa]</li> <li><a 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